Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem los ntawm cov tshuaj antioxidant glutathione tswj kev noj qab haus huv mitochondrial?

Glutathione yog ib qho tripeptide uas muaj gamma amide bonds thiab thiol pawg, muaj li ntawm glutamic acid, cysteine, thiab glycine, muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua cell ntawm lub cev. Ntuj glutathione yog cov protein uas muaj cov teebmeem antioxidant, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem oxidative ntawm tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, txhawb nqa lub cev xws li lub siab thiab lub raum, pab tshem tawm cov dawb radicals hauv lub cev, thiab txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm lub cev.

1: Dab tsi yog qhov tshwm sim niaj hnub ntawm glutathione?

Glutathione yog dav nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag thiab plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj. Cov ntsiab lus yog siab nyob rau hauv qhob cij poov xab, hom qoob mog, thiab tsiaj lub siab, ncav cuag 100-1000 mg / 100g. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav ntawm 26-34 mg / 100g, nqaij qaib ntawm 58-73 mg / 100g, ntshav npua ntawm 10-15 mg / 100g. Cov ntsiab lus tseem muaj nyob rau hauv txiv lws suav, pineapples, thiab dib (12-33 mg / 100g), thaum nws muaj tsawg hauv qos yaj ywm qab zib, mung taum sprouts, dos, thiab nceb (0.06-0.7 mg / 100g). Thiab glutathione peb ntsib feem ntau yog los ntawm ob daim ntawv: txo daim ntawv (G-SH) thiab oxidized daim ntawv (GSSG), nrog txo daim ntawv accounting rau feem coob ntawm glutathione synthesized nyob rau hauv cov kab mob lom. Glutathione reductase tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib hloov ntawm ob hom, thiab nws cov coenzyme tuaj yeem muab NADPH rau pentose phosphate bypass metabolism. Vim yog pawg thiol ntawm cysteine ​​​​yog cov active pab pawg ntawm glutathione (li no glutathione feem ntau abbreviated li G-SH), nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau khi nrog tej yam tshuaj (xws li acetaminophen), co toxins (xws li dawb radicals, iodoacetic acid), hnyav hlau, thiab lwm yam, thiab muaj ib tug integrative detoxification. Yog li ntawd, glutathione (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog glutathione nyob rau hauv daim siab hlwb) tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj hloov pauv, yog li hloov cov co toxins hauv lub cev mus rau hauv cov khoom tsis zoo thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub cev.

2: Yuav ua li cas cov antioxidant glutathione tswj mitochondrial noj qab haus huv?

Ob peb lub tswv yim pom kev noj zaub mov tau pom txog tam sim no tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb yog qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus sensing mechanism ntawm cov roj cholesterol, uas ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm statins cawm txoj sia.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kev tshawb pom no yog nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas tag nrho cov cell nrhiav tau cov as-ham. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus tib neeg lub xov tooj ntawm tes muaj kev ywj pheej, daim nyias nyias ntim cov organelles uas tseem xav tau roj los ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Yog li, lawv puas muaj lawv tus kheej cov khoom noj khoom haus sensors?

Hauv ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Metabolism Regulation thiab Genetics Laboratory ntawm Rockefeller University hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tshawb pom thawj zaug lub zog mitochondria hauv cov hlwb. Cov khoom noj khoom haus no yog ib feem ntawm cov protein uas ua haujlwm peb lub luag haujlwm: kev paub, tswj, thiab thauj cov antioxidant glutathione mus rau sab hauv ntawm mitochondria, qhov twg glutathione plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv inhibiting oxidative tshua thiab tswj cov qib hlau tsim nyog. Cov tshuaj antioxidant no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj nyob rau hauv mitochondria, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias nws txoj haujlwm yog cais tsis tau ntawm nws. Qhov no yog vim qhov ua pa tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb, mitochondria tsim lub zog. Tab sis mitochondria kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ntxhov siab oxidative ntau, uas cuam tshuam rau kev mob qog noj ntshav, ntshav qab zib mellitus, kab mob metabolic, kab mob plawv thiab ntsws, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias qib ntawm glutathione hauv mitochondria tsis raug tswj xyuas kom meej, txhua lub tshuab yuav ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav ua li cas glutathione nkag mus rau mitochondria ib txwm tsis paub, txog rau xyoo 2021 thaum pab pawg tshawb fawb tshiab tau tshawb pom cov protein thauj khoom hu ua SLC25A39 uas tuaj yeem thauj glutathione. Nws zoo li muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov ntsiab lus ntawm glutathione. Cov txheej txheem kev ncig yog kwv yees li hauv qab no: thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant no tsawg, cov ntsiab lus ntawm SLC25A39 yuav nce, thaum lub sij hawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov antioxidant no siab, nws cov qib thauj yuav txo. Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb no tseem qhia tau hais tias mitochondria muaj ib txoj hauv kev los kuaj xyuas thiab kho cov theem ntawm cov kev hloov pauv no, txhais tau hais tias mitochondria yuav xam seb lawv muaj glutathione ntau npaum li cas thiab kho tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob no nkag mus rau hauv lub cev raws li tus nqi no. ”

3: Yuav ua li cas kho thiab hloov tus nqi ntawm glutathione nkag mus rau hauv lub cev?

Txhawm rau kom nkag siab tias mitochondria ua tiav li cas, pab pawg tshawb fawb tau ua ke kev tshawb fawb biochemical, kev suav cov txheej txheem, thiab kuaj cov noob, thiab pom tias "SLC25A39 yog ob qho tib si sensor thiab thauj khoom". Cov kws tshawb nrhiav pom ib lub voj tshwj xeeb ntxiv hauv glutathione thaum piv cov qauv ntawm SLC25A39 nrog cov qauv ntawm lwm cov tsev neeg SLC thauj hauv AlphaFold protein qauv database. Thaum lawv tshem tawm lub nplhaib los ntawm cov protein no nrog rab riam molecular, lub peev xwm thauj cov protein tseem tsis hloov pauv, tab sis nws poob lub peev xwm los nkag siab glutathione. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias thaum peb pom lub nplhaib ntxim nyiam no, peb kwv yees tias nws yog ob qho kev ywj pheej tag nrho, ib qho kev nkag siab glutathione thiab lwm yam thauj glutathione. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab no kuj txhawb txoj kev xav tias glutathione yog "chaperone" ntawm hlau.

4: Vim li cas glutathione hu ua "tus khub molecular" ntawm hlau?

Peb paub tias hlau yog qhov ntau tshaj thiab yuav luag tseem ceeb rau tag nrho cov cellular zog, tab sis nws kuj yog oxidative heev; Yog tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm glutathione, nws yuav ua rau oxidative kev nyuaj siab hauv hlwb, ua rau kev puas tsuaj. "Hauv kev sim, nws tau lees paub tias SLC25A39 muaj cov yam ntxwv hlau tshwj xeeb ntawm nws qhov chaw raws li ib feem ntawm glutathione sensing mechanism. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tswj tau qhov piv ntawm glutathione rau hlau, vim hais tias yog glutathione tsawg dhau, hlau ua haujlwm heev, thaum yog tias glutathione siab dhau lawm, hlau tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo. "

Cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias txij li thaum tib neeg tau sim hloov tag nrho qib glutathione, tab sis feem ntau txhawj xeeb txog nws cov kev mob tshwm sim, tam sim no peb muaj txoj hauv kev los hloov glutathione qib hauv mitochondria yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lwm qhov ntawm tes. Qhov kev npaj khomob no los ntawm kev thauj cov protein tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua rau peb pom kev hloov pauv ntau dua.